Water Cycle 
KINDERGARTEN GRADE
4 week unit

SCIENCE STANDARDS

1. Students should recognize that water can be a solid, gas, or liquid.
2. Students should recognize that water has many properties.
3. Students should begin to recognize salt and fresh water.
4. Students should begin to recognize different type of clouds.
5. Students should begin to see different types of cloud shapes.
6. Students should recognize that water has something to do with cloud formations.
7. Students should begin to compare and contrast weather.
8. Students should learn how to find the direction of wind.


WATER
ONE WEEK UNIT PER GRADE LEVEL

Water is a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. It is a very good solvent, meaning that many substances can dissolve in it easily. Water is important to our lives, and without it we could not live. In fact, there are no living creatures that can live without water. Water most probably originated on this planet as gases were being emitted from volcanoes. The Earth's atmosphere captured this water and has continuously recycled it throughout time, in what is called the water cycle. Water evaporates and forms clouds; the clouds provide rain and snow, which is collected in rivers, lakes, underground reservoirs, and oceans that are the source for further evaporation. Water is that perfect substance for the water cycle, because it has a high boiling point and a low freezing point.

I. LOWER PRIMARY - PROPERTIES OF WATER

Students need to learn the properties of water by experimenting with water as a solid, liquid, and gas. Students need to evaluate and identify the 3 states of matter as they pertain to water. The students should learn about properties of water such as surface tension, boiling point, freezing point, etc.

II. UPPER PRIMARY - WATER AS A CHEMICAL AND COMMODITY

The complexity of water is ideal for students to further investigate chemistry. The students need to further explore surface tension, capillary action, density, and other properties of water. They will also investigate the importance of ground water and surface water.

OCEANS
ONE WEEK UNIT PER GRADE LEVEL

Water erodes the land, which causes rocks to be broken up and as these rocks are being broken up, minerals are added to the water creating "salt water." The oceans have always been a symbol of fun and sun and children love to play in the sand and watch the waves hit upon the shores. Students need to understand how large the oceans are, the impact the oceans have on the weather, and the properties of salt water compared with those of fresh water. It was the oceans that provided easy transportation for the early explorers, food for early people, and salt to preserve food.

I. LOWER PRIMARY - PROPERTIES OF SALT WATER

Students learn the properties of salt water. They will learn to evaluate the differences between salt water and fresh water. They will learn how to distinguish different types of water by evaluating their densities and tastes. The students will also look at the differences between dirty and polluted water and compare those differences with fresh and salt water.

II. UPPER PRIMARY - OCEANS AS A BASIN FILLED WITH WATER

Oceans are a complex feature of the earth's surface. The water that fills up the oceans has distinct properties; the ocean floor is a land covered by water and the water that fills the basins of this land moves in such a pattern that affects the rest of the planet. Students will learn some properties of salt water and will look at the ocean bottom and learn about Coriolis motion.

ATMOSPHERE
ONE WEEK UNIT PER GRADE LEVEL

The atmosphere is divided into five layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. These layers control the weather. Atmosphere for elementary students introduces the composition of air, how the changing states of matter control weather formation, how air moves and why the atmosphere is so important to humans. The troposphere is where most of the weather occurs, and hence most readily understandable by students. Air heated by the sun, rises and is replaced by colder air in a process called convection. These currents create winds which move clouds that were created by the evaporation of surface waters.

I. LOWER PRIMARY - PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

The atmosphere is composed of different types of gases called air. Students will demonstrate the movement of air as well as discover what air is made of. They will analyze different types of clouds as well as discover that air exerts enormous pressures on objects.

II. UPPER PRIMARY - PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

The atmosphere has many different layers. Students will learn to compare and contrast the differences among the various layers. The students will experiment with hot and cold air and see how they can produce convection currents. They will investigate further how winds move particles throughout the atmosphere.

WEATHER
ONE WEEK UNIT PER GRADE LEVEL

Weather is all around us. Children learn early that their lifestyle is dependant upon how the weather changes. One of a student's first observations of the real world outside his home depends on which clothes will be worn in order to play outside. Children record whether the weather is hot, cold, warm, cool, wet, or dry, but usually do not realize why the weather changes. There are several key concepts that need to be developed in studying the weather. Long term weather gives a region its climate. Weather is controlled by the solar heating of our planet. The spinning of our planet affects how warm and cold masses are moved by the wind. Seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis.

I. LOWER PRIMARY - TYPES OF WEATHER

Students learn to discover the different types of weather not only in their community, but around the world. Learning how to analyze different types of weather measuring equipment is important. Students become familiar with how topography influences weather and how water can be derived from air.

II. UPPER PRIMARY - PLOTTING AND ANALYZING WEATHER MAPS

Students learn the difference between high and low pressure. They analyze weather and satellite photos to see how they are similar and dissimilar. Students learn how local weather is generated and are able to explain the phenomena.


OVERVIEW OF KINDERGARTEN

WATER

WEEK 1.
PRE: Defining the states of matter.
LAB: Discovering the properties of water.
POST: Analyzing the water cycle.

OCEANS

WEEK 2.
PRE: Demonstrating the contents of water.
LAB: Experimenting with salt water and fresh water.
POST: Investigating oceans and lakes.

ATMOSPHERE

WEEK 3.
PRE: Exploring how clouds are formed.
LAB: Analyzing the shapes of clouds.
POST: Demonstrating how clouds are formed in the atmosphere.

WEATHER

WEEK 4.
PRE: Comparing different types of weather.
LAB: Determining the direction of wind.
POST: Exploring what makes weather.

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