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LESSON 2.
Elements
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Objective:
Students
explore elements by looking at their properties. |
Materials:
Periodic Table of
Elements
Physical Science - Elements
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Teacher Notes:
Most of the
"elements" that we see in advertisements are really combinations of
elements (compounds). In this exercise the students will learn the
characteristics of certain elements. Please note that some of the items
may not be 100% pure, but they still exhibit the characteristics of that
element in its pure state.
In this lab, the students will be use
elements to experience their properties. You may want to use the
materials as stations, so one set can accommodate an entire class.
Students should rotate to the appropriate materials to answer the
questions on their lab sheet.
If you have sets of
elements already, create your own questions. The goal is to get students
familiar with using the Periodic Table regardless of the sample.
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ANSWERS:
Note: these answers
are derived from the Periodic Table from Painless Learning; some of the
answers will vary depending on the Periodic Table you use
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A. transitional, yes,
because they have similar valence and right next to each other on the
Periodic table; B. Aluminum, nickel, cobalt; C. neodymium, iron, boron
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Fe, 26, 55, 847,
26,30, 26; 1s22s22p63s23p3d64s2
A. They are attracted; B. it moves when lodestone moves around it; C.
they are magnetic; D. yes, north, the Earth behaves as a magnet (force in
north goes toward south); E. yes, rotation of the Earth on its axis
produces a magnetic force that generates from the north and it becomes back
through the south
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Ni, 28,58, 69,28, 31,
28 (Ar)3d84s2 A. it is attracted to the magnet; B.
nothing; C. no, true nickel is magnetic, 5 cents was made out of more nickel
than it is today (less than 5%); D. these 3 elements are naturally magnetic
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Cu, 29, 63.54, 29, 34,
29, [Ar] 3d84s1
A. it lights up because it conducts electricity; B. it lights up
the light, pennies have copper in them, and it allows electricity to conduct
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Si, 14, 28, 14, 14,
14, [Ne] 3s23p2
A. they have a “scalloped” look (it is called concoidal fracture),
yes [although obsidian is composed of silicon dioxide, it fracturing takes
on the characteristic of the element silicon) B. silicon
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Pb, 82, 207.19,
82, 125, 82 [Xe]4f145d106s26p2
A. yes B. you can compare the color and ease of writing (otherwise
it is difficult)
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Al, 13, 27, 13, 14,
13, [Ne] 3s23p1
A. light in weight, gray, bendable; B. aluminum, light weigh and
abundant, iron would rust and not good for drinking liquids, and nickel is
too hard and expensive
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S, 16, 32, 16, 16, 16,
[Ne] 3s23p4
A. slight, but if you scratch the surface and it reacts with oxygen
in the air… it will smell more… it has a rotten egg odor B. a slight
rotten egg smell; sulfur; C. sulfur gives it the yellow look, iron gives
it the dense feel
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C, 6, 12, 6, 6, 6, 1s22s22p2
A. graphite is softer than the anthracite, B. graphite
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