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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Lesson 2 - Page 6

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SEDIMENTARY ROCK IDENTIFICATION CHARTS

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

GRAIN SIZE

ROCK NAME

MINERAL COMPOSITION

ROCK NAME

IF IT INCLUDES FOSSILS

finer than sand < 1/16 mm

SMOOTH

MUDSTONE

Clay

DIATOMITE (diatoms)

RADIOLARITE (radiolarians)

FOSSILEROUS MUDSTONE or SILTSTONE

GRITTY

SILTSTONE

sand size

(1/16 to 2 mm)

SANDSTONE

quartz (quartz sandstone)

FOSSILEROUS SANDSTONE

rock fragments, feldspar, quartz, mica (graywacke)

quartz, feldspar (arkose)

coarser than sand (>2mm)

rounded grains

CONGLOMERATE

quarts, feldspar, rock fragments

FOSSILEROUS CONGLOMERATE

angular

grains

BRECCIA

FOSSILEROUS BRECCIA

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

DESCRIPTION

ROCK NAME

MINERAL COMPOSITION

WITH FOSSILS

 

microcrystalline

CHERT

quartz

RADIOLARIAN CHERT

crystalline

GYPSUM

gypsum

 

crystalline

ROCK SALT

halite

 

crystalline

DOLOMITE

dolomite

 

crystalline

LITHOGRAPHIC

LIMESTONE

calcite

FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE

spongy, crumbly

COAL

no true minerals, various stages of altered plant remains

PEAT

spongy brown

LIGNITE

hard, black to brown

BITUMINOUS

hard, shiny dark

ANTHRACITE

 

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