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PLANTS
Lesson 1 - Page 4

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Sphenophyta or horsetails are easily recognized by their jointed stems and rough, ribbed texture.  The leaves of horsetails grow in whorls fused into nodal sheaths. The stems are green and photosynthetic, and distinctive in being hollow, jointed and ridged. Early settlers used horsetails to help clean pots and pans because of their rough texture. These plants are vascular and may be found in wet environments.

branched stems Strobilus (top) on an unbranched stem

Ferns (filicopsids) are familiar vascular land plants that reproduce by using spores rather than seeds. Ferns prefer wet, moist climates.  They have stems, leaves and roots, but no not have seeds or flowers. 

ferns thrive in moist climate

spore formation underneath frond (leaf)

 

 

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